植物廣泛分布在自然界，是自然不可缺少的一部分，提供給人類食物，同時(shí)是重要的工業(yè)原料。它們與人們的生活息息相關(guān)。但是植物自身的化學(xué)成分復(fù)雜，其中有很多是有毒的物質(zhì)，不慎接觸到，可能會(huì)引起很多疾病甚至死亡。在小說(shuō)中也經(jīng)常能看到植物的身影。其中有很多是大家非常熟悉的，此前可能也沒(méi)有了解到它們的毒性。

中毒的途徑

①.因食用或藥用而中毒：眾所周知的人參、銀杏及杏仁等，原本是補(bǔ)品或藥膳材料，但是如果一次吃太多，就可能中毒。另外，以毛地黃、烏頭、雷公藤等入藥，要是使用過(guò)量，也會(huì)有中毒的危險(xiǎn)。 

②.因誤食而中毒：誤食室內(nèi)觀葉植物或大戟類植物的乳汁，是常有的事；或?qū)⒓t花八角的果實(shí)當(dāng)作食用八角烹調(diào)菜肴都會(huì)造成中毒現(xiàn)象。 

③.因間接食用而中毒：蜜蜂如果吸食杜鵑花或雷公藤等有毒植物的花蜜后，我們?cè)偃コ赃@些花蜜所釀成的蜂蜜，就可能中毒；用夾竹桃樹(shù)枝當(dāng)筷子吃飯，或以有毒植物的枝葉當(dāng)柴火烤東西吃，都可能間接中毒。 

④.因吸入而中毒：某些植物（如澤蘭類植物）的花粉常造成人畜呼吸道的不適（打噴嚏、流鼻涕等），前一段時(shí)間經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到報(bào)道的美洲一枝黃花，也屬于此類。嚴(yán)重時(shí)，甚至?xí)劳觥Ａ硗?，大麻、嗎啡、鴉片、曼陀羅等植物的莖葉或加工品，在點(diǎn)燃而吸食其氣體后，也會(huì)引發(fā)中毒癥狀。 

⑤.因接觸而中毒 ：蕁麻科、大乾科、漆樹(shù)科、天南星科、菊科等家族的許多成員，其汁液或焮毛等碰觸到人畜的皮膚，往往會(huì)造成紅腫、發(fā)癢甚至潰爛等現(xiàn)象。

1.名字：紅花石蒜(彼岸花，忽地笑，蟑螂花、龍爪花) 學(xué)名：Lycoris radiata   科目：石蒜科

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鱗莖可制酒精,可提取石蒜堿,也可做藥。其毒性為全株有毒,鱗莖毒性較大。食后有流涎、嘔吐、下瀉、舌硬直、驚厥、四肢發(fā)冷、休克,以至呼吸麻痹而死。

2.名字：海芒果（別名: 牛心荔、黃金茄 ）學(xué)名: Cerbera manghas  科: 夾竹桃科

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生長(zhǎng)在印度西南部地區(qū),含有一種被稱作“海芒果毒素”的劇毒物質(zhì),其分子結(jié)構(gòu)與異羥洋地黃毒苷(一種強(qiáng)心劑)非常相似。海芒果毒素會(huì)阻斷鈣離子在心肌中的傳輸通道,一般在食用后的3~6小時(shí)內(nèi)便會(huì)毒性發(fā)作,致人死亡。

3.名字：羊角拗（別名: 羊角扭、斷腸草、打破碗花）學(xué)名: Semen Strophanthi Divaricati   科: 夾竹桃科

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原產(chǎn)非洲熱帶。我國(guó)云南、廣東有栽培。含毒苷類植物中毒 目前因毒苷引起中毒的有三類:強(qiáng)心苷類、氰苷類、皂苷類。全株植物劇毒，尤其以種子毒性最強(qiáng)，誤食能致死。

4.名字：曼陀羅（醉心花、狗核桃、洋金花 ） 學(xué)名：Dature Stramonium  科目：茄科

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原產(chǎn)熱帶及亞熱帶,我國(guó)各省均有分布。喜溫暖向陽(yáng)及排水良好的砂質(zhì)壤土。 

全草有毒,以果實(shí)特別是種子毒性最大,嫩葉次之。干葉的毒性比鮮葉小。有毒成分:主要含東莨菪堿、莨菪堿,其次有阿托品、阿樸阿托品、降阿托品、曼陀羅素. 在臨床上可被用作催吐劑、催瀉劑、麻醉劑和致幻劑。

5.名字：大茶藥（胡蔓藤、鉤吻、山砒霜、爛腸草，斷腸草） 學(xué)名Gelsemium elegans Benth 科目：馬錢科葫蔓藤屬

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全草有劇毒，誤吃很少也能致命。尤其根、葉毒性最大。這種學(xué)名“鉤吻”的斷腸草是劇毒草藥,在中醫(yī)學(xué)里只限外用,不可內(nèi)服,千萬(wàn)小心。

6.名字：蓖麻 學(xué)名：Ricinus communis(Castor bcan) 科目：大戟科

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 蓖麻毒素毒性作用機(jī)理 ：抑制蛋白質(zhì)合成:蓖麻毒素具有強(qiáng)烈的細(xì)胞毒性,屬于蛋白合成抑制劑或核糖體失活劑 。 蓖麻毒素是從蓖麻子中提取的一種有毒蛋白質(zhì)。人接觸后會(huì)出現(xiàn)嘔吐、惡心和腹瀉等癥狀,可能死亡。 

7.名字：顛茄（莨菪,巴巴多斯百合 ） 學(xué)名：Ricinus communis(Castor bcan) 科目：茄科

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原產(chǎn)歐洲地中海地區(qū)和小亞細(xì)亞。顛茄為多年生草本,高1～2米。根粗壯,圓柱形。莖下部帶紫色,上部叉狀分枝, 嫩技被腺毛,老時(shí)毛逐漸脫落。葉...亦稱"顛茄".茛菪種名為Atropa belladonna,俗稱Deadly Nightshade .開(kāi)紅花, 結(jié)黑漿果的茛菪是毒性藥物顛茄堿的來(lái)源。 

 植物上下全有劇毒,但在醫(yī)藥上有很大的作用,主要制作阿托品來(lái)刺激中樞神經(jīng)?；榘邓{(lán)紫色,漿果是黑紫色。該毒性可經(jīng)由食物鏈傳導(dǎo) 癥狀:瞳孔放大,心率加速,皮膚發(fā)熱,干燥。

8.名字：傘花馬錢 學(xué)名：Strychnos umbellata  科目：馬錢科馬錢屬

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傘花馬錢產(chǎn)于廣東、海南等地。有大毒,根可治風(fēng)寒濕痹。生于灌叢中。 

毒性：含吲哚生物堿劇毒，過(guò)量服用，可導(dǎo)致面部僵硬，全身肌肉痙攣，呼吸困難，面色青紫，牙關(guān)咬緊，瞳孔擴(kuò)散等癥狀，繼而昏迷，呼吸停止，死亡。

9.名字：夾竹桃學(xué)名：Nerium indicum Mill.   科：夾竹桃科

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夾竹桃為含甙類的植物 .莖、葉乃至花朵都有毒。它分泌的乳白色汁液含有一種夾竹桃甙,誤食會(huì)中毒。 

解毒：

1).食后6小時(shí)內(nèi)催吐，洗胃，內(nèi)服蛋清.維生素C

2).中晚期可導(dǎo)瀉，利尿，用高滲葡萄糖靜注，口服氯化鉀。

3).對(duì)癥治療及支持療法。

10 .名字：海芋(又名：野芋、天芋、天荷、羞天草、隔河仙 觀音芋、廣  東狼毒）學(xué)名：Alocasia macrorrhi 科屬: 天南星科

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海芋全株有毒,莖的毒性最大，含草酸鈣。氫氰酸及一種生物堿。誤食引致舌頭麻木腫大及中樞神經(jīng)中毒，流涎，胃灼痛，惡心，嘔吐，腹瀉，出汗驚厥.皮膚接觸其汁液,即會(huì)發(fā)生瘙癢或強(qiáng)烈的刺激;眼睛接觸會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的結(jié)膜炎,甚至失明。

11 .名字：圣誕花（又名：一品紅,猩猩木，象牙紅） 學(xué)名：Euphorbia pulcherrima科屬: 大戟科

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一種毒性很強(qiáng)的花卉,全身都是毒,誤食其莖葉可能導(dǎo)致死亡.特別是莖葉里的白色汁液能引起人體皮膚紅腫,產(chǎn)生過(guò)敏反應(yīng)。

12. 名字：水仙花 學(xué)名：Narcissus tazeta vai chimensis   科屬: 石蒜科

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水仙的花、枝、葉都有毒. (喜歡種水仙花的朋友要記住不要讓小孩誤食!）

該物種其毒性為全草有毒，鱗莖毒性較大。誤食后有嘔吐、腹痛、脈搏頻微、出冷汗、下痢、呼吸不規(guī)律、體溫上升、昏睡、虛脫等，嚴(yán)重者發(fā)生痙攣、麻痹而死。

13 .名字:黃蟬 學(xué)名：allamanda neriifolia   科屬: 夾竹桃科

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原產(chǎn)地 南美洲,巴西 有毒部位;中毒癥狀 全株都有毒,乳汁毒性最強(qiáng)。誤食會(huì)有高燒、瀉痢、嘔吐、嘴唇紅腫等癥狀;皮膚觸及汁液會(huì)出紅疹。 

14.名字:虎刺梅(又名:鐵梅棠)學(xué)名: euphorbia milii   科屬: 大戢科

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虎刺梅,是有名觀賞植物。有毒成分為甙類,分布在根、莖、葉及汁液中,本品毒性較小,又渾身布滿刺,被誤食而中毒的可能性較小。

15.名字：萬(wàn)年青學(xué)名 Rohdea japonica (Thunb．) Roth  科目：天南星科

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有毒植物,其毒性為全株有毒,莖毒性最大,其次是葉. 其枝葉中的液體內(nèi)含有毒生物堿，觸及人的皮膚會(huì)引起奇癢、皮炎。誤食會(huì)引起口腔、咽喉、食道、胃腸腫痛，甚至傷害聲帶，使人變啞。因而民間稱萬(wàn)年青為“啞棒”，并有“花好看、毒難捱”的俗諺。

16.名字:烏頭(又名：五毒棍、川烏、刀附、天雄)學(xué)名: aconitum chinense 科屬: 毛莨科

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癥狀：可通過(guò)皮膚吸收，灼熱，刺痛，麻木，惡心，嘔吐，呼吸癱瘓，血壓降低，體溫急劇下降（中毒者的血液會(huì)像冰一樣寒冷），劇烈疼痛，呼吸急促，心臟麻痹，死亡，但中毒者始終保持清醒

發(fā)作時(shí)間：立刻，但死亡則在10分鐘-數(shù)小時(shí)

解毒：沒(méi)有特別有效方法，洗胃，吸氧，刺激心臟，但效果不大

17 .名字：羊躑躅(又名:黃杜鵑,鬧羊花,羊不食草)學(xué)名：rhododendron molle 科屬: 杜鵑花科

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花、莖、葉和根粉是昆蟲(chóng)的觸殺毒和胃毒物，南方各省農(nóng)村有作農(nóng)藥使用。 

其毒性為全株有毒，花和果毒性最大。本植物的毒性歷代本草均有記載，歷史流傳的所謂“蒙汗藥”組成之一就是這種植物的花，相傳該花濃汁與酒同服，能使人麻醉、喪失知覺(jué)。

18.名字：披針葉茴香（又名：紅毒茴，莽草）學(xué)名：Illicium lanceolatum A.C.Smith   科屬: 木蘭科

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根有毒，入藥有驅(qū)風(fēng)散結(jié)、活血祛淤和殺蟲(chóng)的功能；葉和果實(shí)均含芳香油；種子劇毒，切勿誤作調(diào)料品“八角”代用品，分布于長(zhǎng)江下游以南各省。由于八角科果實(shí)的形態(tài)相似,有的具有毒性,?；熳髡{(diào)料品八角茴香用而致中毒已多見(jiàn)報(bào)道。

19.名字：豬屎豆（又名：野花生、豬屎青、大馬鈴）學(xué)名：Crotalaria mucronata Desv. 科屬：豆科豬屎豆屬

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說(shuō)明: 從豬屎豆中能分離出25種以上的生物堿，均為雙稠吡咯啶的衍生物，含有有毒成分野百合堿、吡咯烷、雙稠吡咯啶生物堿等。有毒成分含量，種子為0.4%-1．69%，莖葉、莢為0．2%，進(jìn)入機(jī)體后引起肝損害，導(dǎo)致中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)興奮、腦充血、黃疸、腹水、淋巴結(jié)腫大和壞死。

20.名字：銀杏（又名：白果、公孫樹(shù)、鴨掌樹(shù)）學(xué)名：GINKGO BILOBA L.  科屬：銀杏科銀杏屬

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slrYhmHUVGsxEXsJALyJZicaKLhldX85klVibRvdGxCnGmcMg91qCuF9bg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924212430-52.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="700" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="418.75923190546524" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360727-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

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有毒部分：果實(shí)仁，以綠色的胚為最毒。

說(shuō)明：種仁含有氰苷，肉質(zhì)外種皮含有毒成分白果酸，氫化白果酸等。人體吸收后能與細(xì)胞色素氧化酶結(jié)合，使細(xì)胞不能攝取氧氣，造成細(xì)胞窒息而中毒。一般中毒劑量為10-50顆，不宜多吃更不宜生吃白果。本病多見(jiàn)于兒童.（切勿與鰻共食）

21、名字：商陸（又名：山蘿卜、水蘿卜、當(dāng)陸，見(jiàn)腫消，夜呼）　學(xué)名：PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA L.  科屬：商陸科商陸屬

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成分：根中含有商陸毒苷等有毒成分，果實(shí)含有生物堿和葡萄糖等。

說(shuō)明：全株有毒，根部和果實(shí)最毒。人畜若誤食，約兩小時(shí)后就可能出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重嘔吐或者干嘔，從嘴到胃均有灼熱感，伴隨腹部抽筋，腹瀉和視覺(jué)模糊，昏昏欲睡，出汗等癥狀。大量誤食時(shí)，甚至?xí)鸠d攣和呼吸障礙。

22.名字：紫茉莉（胭脂花）學(xué)名：mirabilis jalapa l.  科屬：紫茉莉科紫茉莉?qū)?/strong>

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毒性：根和種子有毒。

根似“天麻”，誤食中毒，出現(xiàn)口舌麻木，頭暈，耳鳴，疼痛，觸覺(jué)遲鈍，聽(tīng)力減退等癥狀。

23. 名字：變?nèi)~木學(xué)名：codiaeum variiegatum L.BI  科屬：大戟科變?nèi)~木屬

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slykbGWUJEKQxHIfFHrUVkKCibDtLBMqpOcGBbxiaEBVvhiaUiabsGyCLmxQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/092421DZ-60.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="737" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="443.0709010339734" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360731-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

毒性：乳汁有毒，人畜誤食葉后或其汁，有腹痛腹瀉等中毒癥狀，乳汁中含有激活EB病毒的物質(zhì)，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間接觸有誘發(fā)鼻咽癌的可能。

24. 名字：郁金香學(xué)名：tulipa gesneriana L,  科屬：百合科郁金香屬

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slK3MjGvuO3VZlkX9ibzKNA70T1QZr7q4TEvMbOczSapgqpgBic4pS2U9Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924211R6-62.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="714" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="450.33677991137375" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360732-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

毒性：花中含有毒堿，人在花叢中呆2個(gè)小時(shí)以上會(huì)出現(xiàn)頭昏腦脹等中毒癥狀，接觸時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，中毒越深，嚴(yán)重者會(huì)毛發(fā)脫落。

25 .名字：萱草（ 別名：黃花菜，金針菜，鹿蔥）學(xué)名：hemerocallis fulva  科屬：百合科萱草屬

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slzicWrCiaPBekkbianaEIwNMnBEJficFWyRUX4SlS7eP1ZBGOHp5nEbfldw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924215924-64.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="698" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="419.62481536189074" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360733-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

食用部位：嫩葉，花蕾可食，葉和根入藥.

食用方法：鮮萱草花蕾有毒，含秋水仙堿，天門冬素等，食用前必須在100*C開(kāi)水浸燙去毒。

新鮮黃花菜的花粉里含有一種化學(xué)成分叫秋水仙堿，秋水仙堿本身無(wú)毒，但吃下去后，在體內(nèi)會(huì)氧化成毒性很大的類秋水仙堿。這種物質(zhì)能強(qiáng)烈地刺激消化道，成年人如果一次食入0.1～0.2毫克的秋水仙堿(相當(dāng)于鮮黃花菜1～2兩)，就會(huì)發(fā)生急性中毒，出現(xiàn)咽干、口渴、惡心、嘔吐、腹痛、腹瀉等癥狀，嚴(yán)重者還會(huì)出現(xiàn)血便、血尿或尿閉等。如果一次食入20毫克的秋水仙堿可致人死亡。 

26. 名字：木薯(又名：樹(shù)番薯）學(xué)名：manihot esculenta crantz  科屬： 大戟科木薯屬

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7sl28rMZEQVhQRYgqeWUoSvCakcn0icejuiaicyHkNGYXTgf50yNDWV980SA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924213004-66.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="725" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="459.41654357459385" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360737-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

毒性：全株有毒，新鮮塊根毒性大， 氰苷亞麻苦苷水解后釋放出劇毒物質(zhì)氫氰酸，與細(xì)胞色素及細(xì)胞色素氧化酶結(jié)合，可導(dǎo)致呼吸麻痹，惡心，嘔吐，腹瀉，頭暈，重者可導(dǎo)致呼吸困難，心跳加速，瞳孔散大，抽搐，休克，最后因呼吸衰竭而死亡.

食用前的去毒方法：

1).剝除內(nèi)皮，用水淹浸，一定要煮熟后，高溫蒸熟后才可以把毒素解掉.

2).煮木薯時(shí)候，要注意將鍋蓋打開(kāi)，使鍋中的氫氰酸充分蒸發(fā)掉并散去.

3).煮木薯的湯和泡木薯的水中含有大量的氫氰酸，切不可飲用.

PS: 客家地區(qū)如梅州，農(nóng)村小孩子有喜歡吃木薯作為雜糧的習(xí)慣，屢聞聽(tīng)到小孩誤食生木薯或者不熟透木薯而身亡的消息，特別需要重視防毒知識(shí)普及.

27. 名字：見(jiàn)血封喉（又名：箭毒木）-----毒得沒(méi)心沒(méi)肺的寶貝學(xué)名：Antiaris toxicaria   科屬：?？埔?jiàn)血封喉屬

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毒性：乳汁劇毒.若誤入眼中,會(huì)引起雙目失明;由傷口進(jìn)入人體內(nèi)會(huì)引起中毒,使心臟麻痹,血管封閉,血液凝固,在20-30分鐘內(nèi)死亡,所以得名"見(jiàn)血封喉"。

28.長(zhǎng)春花

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slypHRW3VwWpePBNibkqQkxb1v8JFGqCH6MxxjsIYuUCT4jV88voR3kog/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/09242135V-70.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="420.3722304283604" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360744-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為夾竹桃科植物長(zhǎng)春花Catharanthus roseus（L.）G. Don[Vinca rosea L.]的全草。
分 布：山東、江蘇、福建、廣東、廣西、海南、云南及四川等地。
有毒部位：全株；有中等毒性
注意事項(xiàng)：長(zhǎng)春花用于癌腫，多用其提取物靜脈注射。本品注射劑局部刺激可引起栓塞性靜脈炎，注射時(shí)切勿使藥液漏出血管外，以免發(fā)生局部組織壞死。

29.廣州相思子

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本品為豆科植物廣州相思子Abrus cantoniensis Hance.。以根、莖、葉入藥。
分 布：廣州、東莞、深圳以及粵中、粵東各地。
有毒部位：種子、葉、根；有劇毒。
注意事項(xiàng)：種子有劇毒，不可服用。相思子中毒表現(xiàn)為體溫先升高后降低，尿蛋白，時(shí)有抽搐。

事項(xiàng)：長(zhǎng)春花用于癌腫，多用其提取物靜脈注射。本品注射劑局部刺激可引起栓塞性靜脈炎，注射時(shí)切勿使藥液漏出血管外，以免發(fā)生局部組織壞死。

30.鴉膽子

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slkI21a1dGGjktTtp6Thh3Td2bCa5xWnfSwKTWyytnZbBEZP6vo7lWZQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924211315-74.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="419.46233382570165" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360746-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為苦木科植物鴉膽子Brucea javanica（L.）Merr.。以干燥成熟果實(shí)入藥。
分 布 ：福建、臺(tái)灣、廣東、海南、廣西、貴州、云南等地。
有毒部位：果實(shí)；有中等毒性。
注意事項(xiàng)：對(duì)胃腸道有刺激作用，可引起惡心，嘔吐，腹痛，對(duì)肝腎亦有損害，故不宜多服久服。脾胃虛弱嘔吐者禁服。

31.兩面針

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slA9F4NESMClfPa328GvFh8PD9Mc6faRa232mhfhsCMfnUSRtWRia59ww/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/092421NV-76.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="573.0731707317074" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="423.9024390243903" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="534px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360747-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為蕓香科植物兩面針Zanthoxylum nitidum （Roxb.）DC.。根莖亦作藥用。
分 布：湖南、福建、云南、廣東、廣西等地。
有毒部位：根莖；有小毒。
注意事項(xiàng)：不能過(guò)量服用。忌與酸味食物同服。中毒后常引起腹痛、下痢。解救方法：導(dǎo)瀉、服糖水或注射葡萄糖液

32.大飛揚(yáng)草

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slCiapHrUYCK0HemqAz77cE1Mm2HNhctKFlG0nxVcZKDcXZ1DEIIxTnNA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/092421G21-78.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="460" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="583.6632200886262" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360748-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為大戟科植物飛揚(yáng)草Euphorbia hirta L.。以帶根全草、根莖入藥。
分 布：廣東、廣西、福建等地。
有毒部位：全草；有小毒。
注意事項(xiàng)：全株均具有毒性，幼兒或家畜誤食其莖葉，會(huì)造成腹痛或腹瀉癥狀。

33.使君子

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slHAQe3pUiaaIchgfeQThND4PUHhPnaibWBuia7vcw1UXia660A61EI7SumQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924213503-80.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="460" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="584.3426883308714" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360749-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為使君子科植物使君子Quisqualis indica L.。以干燥成熟果實(shí)入藥。
分 布：四川、廣東、廣西。此外，福建、江西、云南、貴州等地亦產(chǎn)。
有毒部位：果實(shí)；有小毒。
注意事項(xiàng)：大量服用能引起呃逆、眩暈、精神不振、惡心，甚至嘔吐、腹瀉等反應(yīng)。與茶同服亦能引起呃逆。

34.馬纓丹

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slePh2OoOJuVyEFJsYr4PDFsBuSXv4yvBFBCpsQcvcKrBpIsKBmkF9pQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924212A5-82.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="466" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="585.7695716395864" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360750-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為馬鞭草科植物馬纓丹Lantana camara Linn .。根與莖葉亦作藥用。
分 布：廣東、海南、福建、臺(tái)灣、廣西等有栽培。
有毒部位：枝葉及未熟果有毒；有小毒。
注意事項(xiàng)：人畜誤食，造成慢性肝中毒，有發(fā)燒、衰弱、嘔吐、腹瀉、步履不穩(wěn)、呼吸急促、昏迷、黃疸等癥狀。

35.尖山橙

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slArricmVUVonfrgCsI59jNax1rsvwN19YxdzDVM0XuBzicHbVbGwM5KKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924216010-84.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="416.73264401772525" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-31-360752-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為夾竹桃科植物尖山橙Melodinus fusiformis Champ.。以枝葉入藥。
◎分 布：廣東、海南、廣西和貴州等地。
◎有毒部位：果實(shí)；有小毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：果實(shí)有毒，誤食可導(dǎo)致嘔吐。

36.鳳仙花

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7sljAzqPiax5DmRrt27KHeFdoB47635M9SG65cIiaymfzfdRiaR39LfKEGXg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/09242151D-86.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="416.73264401772525" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-32-360753-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為鳳仙花科植物鳳仙花Impatiens balsamina L.。以種子入藥。
◎分 布：中國(guó)南北各地均有栽培。
◎有毒部位：全草；有小毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：內(nèi)無(wú)瘀積者及孕婦禁用。鳳仙花含有促癌物質(zhì)！促癌物質(zhì)不直接揮發(fā)，但會(huì)滲入土壤，長(zhǎng)期食用種植在該土壤里的蔬菜，很危險(xiǎn)。

37.蓖麻

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slicoj2POiaFxuG6scoOFcibyug7IgnkFliaowib06jZJvtl3syB2T72pktYA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924214405-88.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="420.3722304283604" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-32-360755-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為大戟科植物蓖麻Ricinus communis L.。常以種子作藥用。
◎分 布：全國(guó)各地均產(chǎn)。
◎有毒部位：全株；有大毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：孕婦及便滑者禁服。本品內(nèi)服外用均可能引起中毒，重者可危及生命。有報(bào)道外用蓖麻子還可致過(guò)敏性休克。

38.含羞草

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slOsYh2D9M0lSZf2suletfduQiczFlD3xz5sMmyTlmKyA9icRd0ULc87Ng/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/0924212216-90.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="420.3722304283604" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-32-360757-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為豆科植物含羞草Mimosa pudica L.。以全草入藥。
◎分 布：華東、華南、西南。
◎有毒部位：全株；有小毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：孕婦禁服，本品有麻醉作用，內(nèi)服不宜過(guò)量。

39.文殊蘭

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slMyZvIulUEaAeZhUfGkQyrsPSAPT3CgAnasiafPAtRLfJ40IFn6SEUkw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/09242143a-92.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="419.46233382570165" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-32-360759-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為石蒜科文殊蘭屬植物文殊蘭Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum Bak.。以葉和鱗莖入藥。
分 布：福建、臺(tái)灣、廣東、廣西、湖南、四川等地。
有毒部位：全株；有小毒。
注意事項(xiàng)：全株有毒，以鱗莖最毒，內(nèi)服宜慎。中毒癥狀：腹部疼痛，先便秘，后劇烈下瀉，脈搏增速，呼吸不整，體溫上升。解救：早期可洗胃，服濃茶或鞣酸，應(yīng)特別注意發(fā)生休克。

40.石巖楓

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slntCnUDED9SnNQcL3u4T7wIuA4PGtSCfQKw1brvADwKialIXCD3uk17g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/092421O57-94.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="419.46233382570165" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-32-360760-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為大戟科植物石巖楓Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell. Arg.。根莖或莖葉亦作藥用。
分 布：廣西、廣東南部、海南和臺(tái)灣。
有毒部位：全株；有小毒。
注意事項(xiàng)：該物種為中國(guó)植物圖譜數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)收錄的有毒植物，其毒性為全株有毒。

41.顛茄草

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7slAU5bYGtBbgu9AmAYAPxetHXMeIQZBWDPoP4LQlWriaibRZq5uAv1IV7g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/092421Oa-96.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="616" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="420.3722304283604" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-32-360761-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為茄科顛茄草Atropa belladonna L.。以葉、幼枝及根入藥。
分 布：原產(chǎn)歐洲中部、醅和南部。我國(guó)南北藥物種植聲有引種栽培。
有毒部位：全草；有小毒。
注意事項(xiàng)：青光眼患者禁服。

42.犁頭尖

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本品為天南星科犁頭尖屬植物犁頭尖Typhonium divaricatum （L.）Decne.。以塊莖或全草入藥。
◎分 布：分布于西南及浙江、江西、福建、廣東、海南、廣西等地。
◎有毒部位：塊莖和全草；有毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：本品有毒，一般外用，不作內(nèi)服。孕婦禁服。誤食會(huì)出現(xiàn)舌、喉麻辣，頭暈，嘔吐等中毒癥狀。

43.山芝麻

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/AT009zOQCCNIuicabrLicVX0iaQo6aOx7sldRib0u4BwSCXPgw3zaFck5az7ia0BwO79CLb4MCqu0ghUuZdcT5e9C1w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="/uploads/allimg/2001/09242142G-100.jpg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="460" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="582.3042836041358" data-ratio="0.66796875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="auto" _width="574px" src="http://www.elitesmokeshopnj.com/skin/default/image/lazy.gif" class="lazy" original="http://img.nongcun5.com/baike/202205/05/21-36-32-360763-1.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: 100%;"/>

本品為梧桐科山芝麻屬植物山芝麻Helictercs angustifolia L.。以根或全株入藥。
◎分 布：江西、福建、廣東、廣西及西南等地。
◎有毒部位：全株；有小毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：本品有小毒，內(nèi)服量不宜過(guò)大。中毒時(shí)可見(jiàn)惡心，腹瀉，頭暈等反應(yīng)。

44.黑面神

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本品為大戟科植物黑面神Breynia fruticosa (L．) Hook． F.。以枝葉作藥用。
◎分 布：馬來(lái)西亞至中國(guó)南部.
◎有毒部位：枝葉；有毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：引起中毒性肝炎，表現(xiàn)為頭暈、頭痛、上腹不適、頻繁嘔吐、胃納減退、黃疽、甚至深度昏迷，肝腫大、壓痛，肝功能檢查明顯損傷。

45.黃獨(dú)

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本品為薯蕷科植物黃獨(dú)Dioscorea bulbifera L.。以塊莖入藥。
◎分布：安徽、江蘇、浙江、福建、廣東、廣西、湖南等地。
◎有毒部位：塊莖和零余子，含有毒成分；有小毒。 
◎注意事項(xiàng)：內(nèi)服劑量不宜過(guò)大。服過(guò)量可引起口、舌、喉等處燒灼痛、流涎、惡心、嘔吐、腹瀉、腹痛、瞳孔縮小，嚴(yán)重的出現(xiàn)昏迷，呼吸困難和心臟麻痹而死亡。

46.蘇鐵

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本品為蘇鐵科植物蘇鐵Cycas revolute Thunb.。以根入藥。
◎分 布：福建、臺(tái)灣、廣東,江西各省均有.
◎有毒部位：種子、莖頂部樹(shù)心；有小毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：種子及莖頂部的樹(shù)心有毒。中毒癥狀為頭暈，嘔吐。

47.了哥王

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本品為瑞香科植物了哥王Wikstroemia indica （L.）C. A. Mey.。以干燥根或根皮作藥用。
◎分 布：浙江、江西、福建、臺(tái)灣、湖南、廣西、廣東等省區(qū)。
◎有毒部位：全株；有大毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：孕婦忌服；粉碎或煎煮過(guò)程易引起皮膚過(guò)敏。中毒時(shí)出現(xiàn)劇烈嘔吐、腹瀉。解救方法為先洗胃，后飲濃茶，服活性炭或鞣酸蛋白；大量飲鹽水或靜脈滴注5%葡萄糖鹽水。

48.望江南

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本品為豆科植物望江南Cassia occidentalis L.。以莖葉、種子入藥。
◎分 布：浙江、福建、臺(tái)灣、廣東、廣西、云南等地。
◎有毒部位：種子、莖葉；有小毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：體虛患者慎服。

49.苦楝

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本品為楝科植物楝Melia azedarach L.和川楝Melia toosendan Sieb.et Zucc.的全株。以根皮及樹(shù)皮入藥。
◎分 布：主產(chǎn)于四川、胡北、安徽、江蘇、河南、貴州，山東、陜西、云南、甘肅亦產(chǎn)。
◎有毒部位：全株；有大毒。
◎注意事項(xiàng)：苦楝皮有一定的毒副反應(yīng)．服藥中毒后可有頭痛、頭暈、惡心、嘔吐、腹痛等癥狀。嚴(yán)重中毒，可出現(xiàn)內(nèi)臟出血、中毒性肝炎、精神失常、呼吸中樞麻痹，甚至休克、昏迷死亡。

50.野漆樹(shù)

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